Fig. 3

Low-grade peripheral inflammation induces leukocytes trafficking to the brain. a Representative images of IBA1 and TMEM119 staining in hippocampus and cortex. Scale bar: 20 μm. b Quantification of IBA1⁺ TMEM119^- macrophages in hippocampus (left graph) and cortex (right graph). Each symbol represents one mouse. Expression of the gene Icam1, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 in hippocampus c and in CP d. Mean of 5 ± SEM, two-way ANOVA Bonferroni’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001