Table 2 Mean volume (±SE) of 14 brain structures and 24 cytoarchitectonic subdivisions in one brain hemisphere of autistic and control subjects*
Brain structure or cytoarchitectonic subdivision | Volume (mm3) (Absolute volume calculated using mounted section thickness) | Volume (mm3) corrected for shrinkage | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autism | Control | p< | Autism | Control | |
Thalamus | 3,030 × 116 | 2,999 × 92 | ns | 5,717 | 5,453 |
Putamen | 2,597 × 165 | 2,365 × 111 | ns | 4,900 | 4,300 |
Caudate nucleus | 2,107 × 114 | 1,727 × 114 | 0.036 | 3,975 | 3,140 |
Cornu Ammonis (CA) | 598 × 33 | 602 × 30 | ns | 1,128 | 1,096 |
- CA1 | 439 × 22 | 432 × 23 | ns | 828 | 785 |
- CA2 | 32 × 3 | 36 × 2 | ns | 60 | 65 |
- CA3 | 44 × 3 | 45 × 4 | ns | 83 | 82 |
- CA4 | 84 × 7 | 89 × 6 | ns | 158 | 162 |
Entorhinal cortex (EC) I-VI | 589 × 39 | 557 × 36 | ns | 1,111 | 1,012 |
- EC I | 71 × 4 | 63 × 4 | ns | 134 | 115 |
- EC II (Islands) | 38 × 3 | 42 × 4 | ns | 72 | 76 |
- EC III | 254 × 17 | 244 × 16 | ns | 479 | 444 |
- EC IV | 23 × 3 | 17 × 5 | ns | 43 | 31 |
- EC V | 60 × 4 | 62 × 5 | ns | 113 | 113 |
- EC VI | 143 × 10 | 129 × 9 | ns | 270 | 234 |
Globus pallidus | 611 × 36 | 561 × 25 | ns | 1,153 | 1,020 |
- External globus pallidus | 412 × 28 | 364 × 29 | ns | 777 | 662 |
- Internal globus pallidus | 199 × 10 | 197 × 10 | ns | 375 | 358 |
Claustrum | 432 × 32 | 442 × 27 | ns | 815 | 804 |
- Insular claustrum | 237 × 19 | 241 × 16 | ns | 447 | 438 |
- Prepiriform claustrum | 194 × 14 | 201 × 13 | ns | 366 | 365 |
Amygdala | 397 × 43 | 405 × 22 | ns | 749 | 736 |
- Basal nucleus | 113 × 15 | 116 × 8 | ns | 213 | 211 |
- Lateral nucleus | 189 × 20 | 202 × 13 | ns | 356 | 367 |
- Accessory basal nucleus | 82 × 10 | 76 × 6 | ns | 155 | 138 |
- Central nucleus | 13 × 1 | 11 × 1 | ns | 25 | 20 |
Nucleus accumbens | 244 × 23 | 182 × 13 | 0.050 | 460 | 331 |
Substantia nigra | 98 × 6 | 88 × 4 | ns | 185 | 160 |
Magnocellular basal complex | 84 × 8 | 81 × 5 | ns | 158 | 147 |
Lateral geniculate body | 80 × 5 | 77 × 4 | ns | 151 | 140 |
Inferior olive | 62 × 2 | 59 × 4 | ns | 117 | 107 |
Cerebellum | 31,779 × 1,304 | 31,133 × 1,397 | ns | 59,959 | 56,605 |
- Cerebellar cortex (calculated) | 24,715 | 24,811 | ns | 46,632 | 45,111 |
- Molecular layer | 12,623 × 443 | 12,885 × 758 | ns | 23,816 | 23,427 |
- Granule cell layer | 12,092 × 611 | 11,926 × 474 | ns | 22,815 | 21,684 |
- Cerebellar white matter | 6,700 × 380 | 6,005 × 323 | ns | 12,641 | 10,918 |
- Cerebellar nuclei | 364 × 34 | 317 × 21 | ns | 686 | 576 |
- Dentate nucleus | 244 × 14 | 232 × 13 | ns | 511 | 422 |