Table 1 Characteristics of the discovery and validation cohorts

Number of cases

85

132

93

70

99

44

Gender

 Female

54 (63.5%)

68 (51.5%)

34 (36.6%)

30 (42.9%)

70 (70.7%)

16 (36.4%)

 Male

31 (36.5%)

64 (48.5%)

59 (63.4%)

40 (57.1%)

29 (29.3%)

28 (63.6%)

Age (years)

 Mean ± SD

64.69 ± 13.14

66.72 ± 9.064

64.20 ± 9.125

53.59 ± 15.55

63.76 ± 10.81

61.66 ± 9.183

 Range

45–85

46–86

43–84

37–80

47–84

49–85

MMSE

 Mean ± SD

28.81 ± 1.569

13.33 ± 7.578

24.26 ± 6.035

28.04 ± 1.706

14.70 ± 6.805

17.95 ± 8.618

 Range

22–30

0–30

3–29

25–30

0–28

0–28

–

–

–

MoCA

–

–

 Mean ± SD

–

–

–

25 ± 2.070

8.391 ± 5.698

12.23 ± 7.549

 Range

–

_

–

22–28

0–25

0–26

CSF t-tau protein (pg mL⁻¹) (Lumipulse)

Duration of disease (years)

 Mean ± SD

236.8 ± 73.54

468.0 ± 240.9

213.0 ± 66.61

–

2.605 ± 2.561

2.893 ± 1.745

 Range

107.0–329.0

191.0–1372

107.0–420.0

–

0.5–12

0.5–6

CSF p-tau181 protein (pg mL⁻¹) (Lumipulse)

PIB-PET (Centiloid)

 Mean ± SD

31.13 ± 11.88

75.97 ± 44.48

26.70 ± 11.30

1.607 ± 9.060

71.30 ± 22.52

− 0.4790 ± 10.26

 Range

14.00–51.00

14.00–203.0

11.00–72.00

− 6.179–17.01

13.02–132.3

− 32.46–17.15

CSF t-tau/Aβ42 (Lumipulse)

CSF t-tau protein (pg mL⁻¹)

 Mean ± SD

0.9503 ± 0.5496

3.416 ± 2.528

1.079 ± 0.7243

153.0 ± 62.51

685.8 ± 747.7

319.9 ± 103.8

 Range

0.3920–2.150

0.3477–14.47

0.4694–4.292

78.76–308.4

199.9–2343

215.1–422.4

CSF p-tau181/Aβ42 (Lumipulse)

CSF Aβ40 protein (pg mL⁻¹)

 Mean ± SD

0.1146 ± 0.09567

0.5698 ± 0.4433

0.1203 ± 0.07630

17,169 ± 4689

11,664 ± 8710

13,603 ± 7347

 Range

0.04612–0.3643

0.05263–2.528

0.05943–0.5926

12,130–29,803

738.8–26,699

5947–20,596

CSF Aβ40/Aβ42 (Lumipulse)

CSF Aβ42 protein (pg mL⁻¹)

  Mean ± SD

0.1080 ± 0.04268

0.06773 ± 0.02852

0.1212 ± 0.02876

1757 ± 570

442.4 ± 213.7

1118 ± 585.6

  Range

0.03571–0.1810

0.02548–0.1673

0.04390–0.1772

1128–3196

213.6–860.8

444.1–1506