MANF protein expression is upregulated in immune cells in the ischemic human brain and systemic recombinant MANF delivery in rat ischemic stroke model demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects

Table 2 Characteristics of the ischemic stroke patient samples and MANF and CD68 immunoreactivity in ipsilateral (ipsi) and contralateral (contra) hemispheres

Pa-tient no	Survival time	Occluded vessel^a HT^b	Cause of death^c Agonal phase^*	Age / Gender	Risk factors^d	Hemi-sphere	Sampled brain region^e	Neuro-score^f	Immunoreactivity^g
Pa-tient no	Survival time	Occluded vessel^a HT^b	Cause of death^c Agonal phase^*	Age / Gender	Risk factors^d	Hemi-sphere	Sampled brain region^e	Neuro-score^f	Neuronal MANF	Non-neuronal MANF	CD68
1	2.5 d	BA/T, HT	Stroke^*	74 / M	AS, CAD	Ipsi	C	2	0	+ + +	+ + +
						Ipsi	P	3	+	+ +	+ +
						Contra	FR	0	+ + +	+	+ +
2	3 d	MCA/T	PE (AMI, VF), Stroke	79 / F	CAD, H, HF	Ipsi	O	–	+	+ +	+
2	3 d	MCA/T	PE (AMI, VF), Stroke	79 / F	CAD, H, HF	Contra	O	–	+ + +	+ +	+
3	3 d	MCA/T	Herniation of brain	72 / F	AS (EA), CAD	Ipsi	PR	3	0	+	+
3	3 d	MCA/T	Herniation of brain	72 / F	AS (EA), CAD	Contra	PR	0	+ + +	+	+ +
4	5 d 9 h	MCA/T	Stroke^*h	48 / M	HC	Ipsi	FR	2	+	+	+
4	5 d 9 h	MCA/T	Stroke^*h	48 / M	HC	Contra	FR	1	+ +	+	+ +
5	8.5 d	BA/T	Stroke	65 / F	CAD, H, HF	Ipsi	C	3	+	+	+ + +
5	8.5 d	BA/T	Stroke	65 / F	CAD, H, HF	Contra	C	2	+ +	+	+
6	17 d	ICA/T, HT	PE, Stroke	75 / F	AF, AS, CAD, DM, H	Ipsi	FR	3	+	+ + +	+ + +
6	17 d	ICA/T, HT	PE, Stroke	75 / F	AF, AS, CAD, DM, H	Contra	FR	0	+ +	+	+ +
7	18 d	MCA/TE, HT	PE, Stroke	79 / M	AF, CAD, H, HF	Ipsi	PR	4	0	+ + +	+ + +
7	18 d	MCA/TE, HT	PE, Stroke	79 / M	AF, CAD, H, HF	Contra	PR	0	+ + +	+ +	+ +

^aAbbreviations for the occluded vessel: BA, basilar artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; T, thrombosis; TE, thromboembolism
^bHT, hemorrhagic transformation
^cAbbreviations for the cause of death: AMI, acute myocardial infarction; PE, pulmonary embolism; VF, ventricular fibrillation
^*Convulsions in agonal phase
^dAbbreviations for risk factors: AF, atrial fibrillation; AS, generalized arteriosclerosis; CAD, coronary artery disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; EA, carotid endarterectomy; H, hypertension; HC, hypercholesterolemia; HF, heart failure
^eAbrreviations for brain regions: C, cerebellum; FR, frontal region; O, occipital lobe; PR, parietal region; P, pons
^fNeuroscore: 0, no changes; 1, largely normal morphology but scattered neurons with nuclear abnormalities (pyknosis, low nuclear-cytoplasmic contrast, smearing of nuclear border); 2, large proportion of neurons with nuclear abnormalities; 3, large proportion of neurons with nuclear abnormalities while scattered neurons show signs of irreversible damage (shrunken cytoplasm with irregular borders and invisible nuclei); 4, large proportion of neurons show irreversible changes
^gGrading of immunoreactivity: 0, no immunoreactivity; + , minimal immunoreactivity; + + , moderate immunoreactivity; + + + , strong immunoreactivity
^hContralateral MCA occlusion 7 months previously

ISSN: 2051-5960