Fig. 7

Intravenous administration of recombinant human MANF alters cytokine levels in the brain and blood after ischemic stroke. a Timeline of the experiment. Vehicle (saline) or rhMANF (1.5 µg × 3) was administered intravenously (i.v.) to rats that had undergone a 60-min distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Arrowheads point the time of i.v. administration. After 24 h, the infarcted cortical tissue and serum were collected. b–e Concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα in the infarcted cortex 24 h post-dMCAo, normalized to the sample protein concentration (n = 6). (****p < 0.0001), Student’s t-test. f-g Concentration of TNFα and IL-10 in serum 24 h post-dMCAo, normalized to the serum protein concentration (n = 7). (**p < 0.01), Mann–Whitney U test. The values are expressed as mean ± SD