Fig. 4

Increased expression of basement membrane proteins in muscles from patients with PCS. Principal component analysis of skeletal muscle proteome raw data after normalization (A). Volcano plot of the vastus lateralis proteome comparison illustrating significantly differentially abundant proteins between the PCS and the HDC cohort (B). The -log10 (p value) is plotted against the fold change of PCS/HDC. The dotted vertical lines denote + 1.2- and − 0.8-fold change respectively, while the dotted horizontal line denotes p = 0.05. Principal component analysis of serum proteome raw data after normalization (C). Volcano plot of the serum proteome comparison illustrating significantly differentially abundant proteins between the PCS (n = 9) and asymptomatic controls after an SARS-CoV-2-infection (n = 15) (D). The -log10 (p value) is plotted against the log twofold change of PCS/Controls. The dotted vertical lines denote + 1 and -1-log2-fold change respectively, while the dotted horizontal line denotes p = 0.05. Heatmap visualization of proteins with significantly increased abundance and their respective expression levels per individual sample (E). Metascape pathway enrichement analysis results from significantly upregulated proteins in the serum (F). Illustrations created with BioRender.com