Fig. 1

Phosphorylated TDP-43 pathology, amygdala GFAs, AGs, HS, and severe amygdala degeneration. A–F Pathological findings in a case with Braak NFT stage IV, Thal phase 1, amygdala GFA stage 4, Saito AG stage 3, LATE-NC stage 2. A, B Phosphorylated TDP-43 accumulation in the amygdala. ps409/410 immunohistochemistry. Scale bar: 25 μm. C A GFA in the amygdala. AT8 immunohistochemistry. Scale bar: 25 μm. D Argyrophilic grains in the amygdala. Gallyas method. Counterstaining with hematoxylin–eosin stain. Scale bar: 25 μm. E HS showing severe loss of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1. Hematoxylin–eosin stain. Scale bar: 500 μm. F Severe loss of neurons with gliosis in the amygdala. Hematoxylin–eosin stain. Scale bar: 25 μm. G The frequency of LATE-NC-positive cases by amygdala GFA stage. All LATE-NC-positive cases were amygdala GFA-positive, and the frequency of LATE-NC gradually increased with amygdala GFA stage (0% in GFA stage 0, 8.8% in GFA stages 1–2, 38.9% in GFA stages 3–4). The age at death [mean (standard deviation)] in each group is also shown. H The severity of neuronal loss in the amygdala by Saito AG stage. The age at death [mean (standard deviation)] is also shown.