Fig. 4

Imipramine inhibits microglia and astrocyte activation in vivo. A Representative photomicrograph of Iba1 staining and ThioS in the subiculum region of 5xFAD animals treated with vehicle or Imipramine (Scale bar 50 µm). B Densitometric analysis of Iba1 staining represented as number of positive Iba1 cells/mm² (Vehicle N = 5 and Imipramine N = 5 for groups). C Illustrations of the microglia morphological analysis applied to a fluorescent photomicrograph captured with 40× objective with a single cell cropped to show details. Scale bar 20 µm. D Number of endpoints and length of microglia ramification per cell in vehicle or Imipramine. Morphological analysis was performed on Vehicle N = 5 and Imipramine N = 5 for groups. E Representative photomicrographs of GFAP and ThioS in the subiculum region of 5xFAD animals treated with vehicle or Imipramine (Scale bar 50 µm). F Box and Whiskers plot of densitometric analysis of GFAP staining represented as a percentage of the area (Vehicle N = 5 and Imipramine N = 5 for groups). Unpaired t-test (*p < 0.05)