Fig. 3

Integrative analysis of co-regulated modules in grade 4 gliomas and normal brain tissues. Co-regulated 5hmC and transcription modules are derived from the modified weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in grade 4 gliomas and normal brain tissue samples, separately. A Enriched co-regulated 5hmC–mRNA modules are identified in normal controls, IDH1 (encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) mutants (IDH1-Mut astrocytoma), and IDH1 wild-type (IDH1-WT GBM) tumors. B Top five enriched GSEA gene sets associated with 5hmC–mRNA co-regulated modules (FDR < 0.05 and gene count > 5) are shown. C Enriched co-regulated 5hmC–5hmC modules are detected in normal controls, IDH1-Mut, and IDH1-WT tumors. D Top five enriched GSEA gene sets associated with 5hmC–5hmC co-regulated modules (FDR < 0.05 and gene count > 5) are shown. E–G Network hubs of co-regulated 5hmC–mRNA modules are shown for respective modules. H, I Network hubs of co-regulated 5hmC modules are shown for respective modules. FDR false discovery rate, GSEA Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. CE denotes co-expression/regulation hubs; INT denotes protein–protein interaction hubs; CE + INT denotes co-expression/regulation and protein–protein interaction hubs