Fig. 12

Cognitive testing in mice following single or r-mTBI. Assessment of spatial learning and memory on the Morris Water Maze (A and B) and short-term memory on the Y-maze (C) following five (A and C-I) and one (B and C-II) impact at 12 months (A and B) and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months (C) post-injury. At 12 months following five impacts, there were (A-I) no significant changes in average trial duration across all days, (A-II) no differences in time spent in the correct quadrant on the Probe day but (A-III) there was a significant decrease in total bouts made to the platform on the Probe day in the 5x TBI group. At 12 months following one impact, there were (B-I) no changes in average trial duration across all days, (B-II) no differences in time spent in the correct quadrant on the Probe day and (B-III) no differences in total bouts made to the platform on the Probe day. No significant changes in time spent in the novel arm following (C-I) five impacts or (C-II) one impact across all time points post-injury. A-I Two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Hold-Sidak post-hoc, B-I mixed-effects analysis with Holm-Sidak post-hoc, (A-II, III and B-II, III) unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test and (C) mixed-effects analysis with Holm-Sidak post-hoc. Data expressed as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, n = 7–10 (Sham), n = 8–10 (TBI)