Fig. 11

Anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviours in mice following single or r-mTBI. Assessment of anxiety-like behaviour on the Elevated Plus Maze (A and B) and depressive-like behaviour with the Sucrose Preference Test (C and D) following five (A and C) and one (B and D) impact at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-injury (for the EPM) and 12 months post-injury only (for the SPT). Note that the 1-month time point presented in this figure (A and B) has been previously published elsewhere [44] and that the authors have obtained permission to re-use this data. A Significant decrease in time spent in the open arms following 5x TBI at 1 month post-injury. No significant changes thereafter. B Strong trend towards increased time spent in the open arms of the maze in the 1x TBI group compared to Shams at 1-month post-injury with no changes thereafter. C Significant increase in sucrose consumption in the Sham group only. D Significant increase in sucrose consumption in the 1x TBI group with a strong trend towards increased sucrose consumption in the Sham group. A and B Mixed-effects analysis with uncorrected Fisher’s LSD post-hoc. C and D Ordinary Two-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak post-hoc. Data expressed as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, n = 9–10/group