Fig. 9
From: Retina-to-brain spreading of α-synuclein after intravitreal injection of preformed fibrils
α-synuclein propagation from the retina to cortical brain areas after intravitreal injection of PFFs. Injection of α-synuclein PFFs into the vitreous space caused deposition of pS129-positive neuritic (1) and cell body (2) inclusions in the IPL and INL, respectively. Accumulation of α-synuclein led to oxidative stress (3) and triggered apoptotic cell death of the RGCs (4), loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (5), and activation of optic nerve microglia (6). Injection of PFFs also resulted in aggregation of α-synuclein in the cortex (7) accompanied by inflammatory responses (8)