Severe CTE and TDP-43 pathology in a former professional soccer player with dementia: a clinicopathological case report and review of the literature

Table 2 Literature review (clinical characteristics)

Case #	Author ([14, 15, 35,36,37,38])	Year	Age at death	Age of symptom onset	Symptom duration	Sex	Position	Years of sport participation	Highest level	History of concussion	Cognitive features	Behavioral symptoms	Clinical diagnosis
1	McKee	2014	29	27	2	M	Unknown	19	SP	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	ALS
2	Hales	2014	80	70	10	M	Forward	16^a	P	Unknown	Yes	Yes	AD
3	Grinberg	2016	83	67	16	M	Defense	21^a	P	No	Yes	Yes^b	AD
4	Ling	2017	65	56	9	M	Forward	36	P	No	Yes	Yes	FTLD/PD
5	Ling	2017	78	69	9	M	Defense	20	P	Yes	Yes	Yes	AD/VaD
6	Ling	2017	72	63	9	M	Midfield	25	P	Yes	Yes	Yes	FTLD/AD
7	Ling	2017	83	77	6	M	Defense	20	P	Yes	Yes	Yes	AD/PD
8	Phalen	2017	24	17	7	M	Unknown	9	R	Yes	Yes^c	Yes	Bipolar Disorder
9	Lee	2019	50 s	50 s	5	M	Forward	18	Unknown	Unknown	Yes	Yes	AD
10	Lee	2019	60 s	60 s	7	M	Defense	20	Unknown	Yes	Yes	No	AD
11	Lee	2019	70 s	60 s	8	M	Defense	35	Unknown	Yes	Yes	No	AD
12	Lee	2019	70 s	60 s	10	M	Defense	30	Unknown	No	Yes	Yes	AD/VaD
13	Lee	2019	80 s	60 s	16	M	Forward	18	Unknown	No	Yes	Yes^b	AD/VaD
14	van Amerongen	2023	63	50	13	M	Forward	24	P	Yes	Yes	No	Suggestive of CTE

An overview of the clinical characteristics of soccer players with pathology-confirmed CTE
M male, SP semiprofessional, P professional, R recreational, ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, AD Alzheimer’s disease, FTLD frontotemporal lobar degeneration, PD Parkinson’s disease, VaD vascular dementia, CTE chronic traumatic encephalopathy
^aYears of participation on a professional level
^bBehavioral symptoms only present late in the disease
^cHistory did mention attention difficulties and mild memory impairment

ISSN: 2051-5960