Fig. 4

Perivascular cellular inflammatory responses in CADASIL. A-N, Differential CD68, CD45, CD163 and Iba-1 immunoreactivities in YC and CADASIL subjects O-P, ICAM-1 in YC and CADASIL subjects. Representative images of CD68 (A-D), CD45 (E-H), CD163 (I-L) and Iba-1 (M-N) in control and CADASIL subjects. A, E, I, M and O are YC; B-D, F-H, J-L and N show positive perivascular microglia/macrophages in serial sections from the deep frontal WM, basal ganglia and anterior temporal WM, respectively. The latter structures (C-D, G-H, K-L) showed intense perivascular inflammatory cells in CADASIL subjects. P, Intense immunoreactivity for ICAM-1 was evident in vessel walls in CADASIL but there was also diffuse reactivity in the perivascular parenchyma. Perivascular CD45 immunoreactivity and CD163, but not CD68, were increased in CADASIL subjects in all three regions compared to similar age controls *YC) (P < 0.05). Scale bar represents 200 μm (A-N) and 50 μm (O-P)