Fig. 1

Brightfield microscopy pictures taken per group of histopathological staining performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded cerebellar tissue sections. A, D, G, J represent cerebellar tissue of a neurocoeliac disease patient (NeuroCD), B, E, H, K is representative of a spinocerebellar ataxia patient (SCA) and C, F, I, L of a non-neurological control (NNC). A–C demonstrate the Calbindin staining for Purkinje cells, which are still apparent in the non-neurological controls, but have largely disappeared in NeuroCD and SCA. D–F shows CD3 staining. Multiple CD3 + cells are visible in all layers of the cerebellar tissue in NeuroCD, especially in the granular layer and the Purkinje cell layer. In SCA CD3 + cells are absent. In NNC just two CD3 + cells are visible in a blood vessel in the white matter indicated by an arrow. G–I demonstrate CD8 + cells, which are abundant in NeuroCD, especially in de Purkinje cell layer, whereas in SCA only one CD8 + cell is spotted (indicated by an arrow) and no CD8 + cells are found in NNC. J–L exhibits the Granzyme B staining, which is (scarcely) apparent in NeuroCD in all layers (indicated by black arrows), but is absent in SCA and NNC Tissue was counterstained with haematoxylin, Scale bar (A–L): 100 um. WM White matter, GL Granular layer, PCL Purkinje cell layer, ML Molecular layer