Fig. 1

Expression analysis of microglial/myeloid genes in human post-mortem hippocampal samples from Braak 0 to Braak V–VI (AD cases). The expression of the different microglial/myeloid genes was tested in human hippocampal samples classified by Braak stages, from Braak 0 (no pathology) to Braak VI (see Additional file 1: Fig. S1 for individual data). Braak stage dependent changes in expression were first analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis (a) and by Braak II vs Braak V–VI direct comparison using Mann Whitney test (b). c to e represented the Braak stage-dependent variation of the gene set score of the three different clusters identified using data shown in b (Additional file 1: Fig. S1): homeostatic microglia (c), active microglia (d) and Cd163 cluster (e). (f) Expression of “classic” microglial markers (IBA1, CD11B and TREM2). The data were shown as violin plots including the individual cases. Significance, indicated in the figure, was tested using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Dunn test