Fig. 6

Effects of neutrophil-vascular interations in AD. In healthy brains, neutrophils flow freely through vessels with limited interactions with endothelial cells enabling adequate perfusion. During Alzheimer's disease, reductions in the glycocalyx may enhance the non-productive attachment of neutrophils to endothelial cells. These attached neutrophils can cause the stalling of vessels, undergo NETosis, and may lead to oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier breakdown. Reducing neutrophil-vascular interactions may be beneficial to improve vascular function in AD