Table 7 Estimated AD-associated neuronal loss in 51-to 59-y-old DS subjects (loss per day and per million neurons/day)
Structures/ subdivisions | Number of neurons in 43- to 49-y-old DS subjects, N = 4, Mean and (SD) | Number of neurons in 51-to 59-yr-old DS subjects, N = 17, Mean and (SD) | Neurons lost. difference between 43- to 49 and 51- to 59-y-old DS subjects | Number of neurons in DS reference group 26-to 41-y-old (100%) | Neurons lost (%) in 51–59-y-old DS subjects reference group, 26-to 41-y-old | P < | Number of neurons lost/day | Number of neurons lost/ million/day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entorhinal c.all layers | 10,470,333 (1,003,992) | 5,702,533 (2,101,830) | 4,767,800 | 9,779,100 | 48.8 | 0.002*** | 1520.8 | 145.3 |
Entorhinal c. islands | 609,481 (68,719) | 192,314 (84,474) | 417,167 | 600,288 | 69.5 | 0.001*** | 133.1 | 218.3 |
CA1 | 5,271,466 (699,001) | 2,986,260 (1,727,048) | 2,285,206 | 7,584,266 | 30.1 | 0.05* | 728.9 | 138.3 |
CA2 | 1,363,407 (350,731) | 919,574 (287,449) | 443,833 | 1,375,511 | 32.3 | 0.04* | 141.6 | 103.8 |
CA3 | 969,837 (225,781) | 655,428 (255,405) | 314,409 | 1,062,288 | 29.6 | ns | 100.3 | 103.4 |
CA4 | 950,304 (255,206) | 658,923 (467,298) | 291,381 | 1,105,866 | 26.3 | ns | 92.9 | 97.8 |
Subiculum | 2,575,933 (293,733) | 1,760,757 (562,251) | 815,176 | 3,049,650 | 26.7 | 0.03* | 260.0 | 100.9 |
Amygdala | 7,150,380 (940,312) | 5,203,993 (1,311,409) | 1,946,387 | 6,978,730 | 27.9 | 0.02* | 620.9 | 86.8 |
Thalamus | 13,488,304 (1,821,914) | 12,891,781 (2,374,425) | 596,524 | 14,774,176 | 4.0 | ns | 190.3 | 14.1 |
Substantia nigra | 396,519 (76,289) | 309,905 (65,494) | 86,614 | 550,053 | 15.7 | 0.05* | 27.6 | 69.7 |
MBC | 994,389 (104,089) | 783,233 (205,770) | 211,156 | 981,577 | 21.5 | ns | 67.4 | 67.7 |
Caudate n | 29,151,928 (7,214,428) | 27,913,089 (10,600,000) | 1,238,840 | 41,434,112 | 3.0 | ns | 395.2 | 13.6 |
Purkinje cells | 10,569,930 (720,445) | 11,715,680 (2,207,151) | 0 | 14,247,128 | ||||
Dentate n | 463,150 (138,022) | 520,173 (96,537) | 0 | 510,829 | ||||
Total loss: 13,414,493 neurons | Mean loss: 28.0% | Mean loss: 356.6/d Total loss: 4,278.9/d | Mean loss: 96.6/ million/d |