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Table 1 Demographic details of all the cases and controls

From: Loss with ageing but preservation of frontal cortical capillary pericytes in post-stroke dementia, vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Variable

Young Controls

Older Controls

PSND

PSD

VaD

AD

Mixed

N

12

20

21

20

17

16

18

Mean Age, years (range)

57.5* (46–65)

79.3 (78–94)

85.1 (75–96)

87.1 (75–96)

84.2 (71–98)

84.2 (76–96)

85.1 (72–93)

Gender (M:F ratio)

55:45

35:65

57:43

30:70

41:59

56:44

44:56

MMSE, mean ± SEM

na

29 ± 1

27 ± 0.4

16 ± 1

13 ± 4

7 ± 2

11 ± 2

CAMCOG, mean ± SEM

na

na

90 ± 1

66 ± 3

na

39 ± 7

na

Braak Stage, mean (range)

0.25 (0–1)

1.9 (0–4)

2.6 (1–4)

2.6 (1–4)

2.0 (0–4)

5.6 (5–6) *

5.2 (5–6) *

CERAD, mean (range)

0.0 (0–0)

0.5 (0–2)

1.7 (1–2)

1.3 (1–3)

1.0 (0–2)

2.9 (2–3) *

2.9 (2–3) *

ABC Scores, mean

na

A0.5, B1.2, C0.5

A0.5, B1.2, C0.7

A0.5, B1.2, C0.8

A0.6, B1.2, C0.8

A3, B3, C3

A2.5, B2.6, C2.6

CAA frequency (moderate-severe), %

0%

6%

15%

18%

17%

39%

9%

Vascular pathology score, mean (range)†

na

6.7 (0–10) *

13.5 (13–14)

13.3 (9–17)

13.2 (10–16)

10.8 (3–16)

11.0 (6–14)

Cortical Infarct pathology (%)††

0%

0%

90%

90%

67%

41%

73%

WML score, mean (range)‡

na

0.5 (0–2) **

2.5 (2–3)

2.4 (2–3)

2.9 (2–3)

1.8 (0–3)

2.9 (2–3)

WM/ Vascular lesions, moderate—severe (%)‖

na

17.6%**

100%

100%

100%

72%

95%

Length density (Lv) of Cortical GLUT1 Capillaries (mm/mm3)⁋

na

0.72 ± 0.10

0.62 ± 0.17

0.78 ± 0.07

0.72 ± 0.09

0.72 ± 0.13

0.70 ± 0.10

  1. Numbers represent mean values (± SEM) and where given with the range of values in parentheses. The causes of death included bronchopneumonia (95%), sudden cardiac arrest, carcinoma, renal failure, and gastrointestinal bleed with no distribution pattern in any group. The post-mortem interval between death and tissue retrieval ranged 24–47 h for all the cases. There were no differences in the length of post-mortem delay between groups. Mean age of young controls was different compared to older controls (*P < 0.05). Braak staging scores and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathologic changes [37] were different in mixed and AD cases compared to all other groups (*P < 0.05)
  2. †Mean vascular pathology scores (range) derived as described previously [14] (*P < 0.05)
  3. ††Cortical infarct pathology includes small infarcts and microinfarcts in frontal and temporal lobes, designated as % was number of cases in which score was more than 4 (moderate to severe) [14]
  4. ‡WML Score, white matter pathology score assessed using the scale from [14]. Mean WML Score was high in all post-stroke and dementia subjects compared to controls (**P < 0.01)
  5. ‖WM/Vascular lesions, **P < 0.01 compared to all post-stroke and dementia subjects
  6. ⁋Determined at length density (Lv) with GLUT1 as marker of capillaries [9, 22]. Abbreviations: ABC, AD Neuropathology scoring system; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CAA, cerebral amyloid angiopathy; CAMCOG, Cambridge cognition examination; F, female; GLUT1, glucose transporter 1; M, male; MMSE, Mini Mental state examination; N, number of subjects; na, not available; NPD, no pathological diagnosis; PSND, post-stroke non-demented; PSD, post-stroke dementia; VaD, vascular dementia; WM, white matter; WML, white matter lesions
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Acta Neuropathologica Communications

ISSN: 2051-5960

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