Fig. 3
NLY01 suppresses Aβ-induced microglia activation. a Primary microglia were pre-treated with PBS or NLY01 (1 μM) for 30 min, and then further incubated with oligomeric Aβ1-42 (1 μM) for 4 h. mRNA levels of TNF-α, C1q, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were determined using qPCR (n = 3 biologically independent cell cultures). b Cytokine release in media from primary microglia incubated with oligomeric Aβ1-42 (1 μM) for 18 h. TNF-α, C1q, IL-1α, and IL-1β were measured by ELISA (n = 4 biologically independent cell cultures). c GLP-1R and β-actin expression in lenti-CRISPR/Cas9 mediated GLP-1R KO microglia. Quantification of GLP-1R shown as relative protein expression normalized to β-actin (n = 3 biologically independent cell cultures). d mRNA levels of TNF-α, C1q, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in oligomeric Aβ1-42 (1 μM) treated lenti-CRISPR/Cas9 mediated GLP-1R KO microglia (n = 4 biologically independent cell cultures). e Levels of TNF-α, C1q, IL-1α, and IL-6 analyzed by qPCR in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice treated with PBS or NLY01 (n = 5–8 per group). Data are shown as the mean \(\pm \) SEM. p values were determined by two-tailed unpaired t-test or one-way ANOVA. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001, ####p < 0.0001 versus Control + PBS or WT + PBS; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus Aβ1-42 + PBS or 5xFAD + PBS