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Table 4 MRS absolute concentration and ratios

From: Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in mice triggers a slowly developing cascade of long-term and persistent behavioral deficits and pathological changes

Imaging metric

Control

48 h

1 week

4 weeks

10 weeks

ANOVA (F) or

(Hippocampus)

(Mean ± SEM)

Kruskal–Wallis (K)

NAA

4.1 ± 0.22

4.5 ± 0.31

3.5 ± 0.17 #

3.8 ± 0.14

3.7 ± 0.16

F = 3.27; p = 0.018

Lactate

2.4 ± 0.17

2.9 ± 0.20

2.4 ± 0.11

2.2 ± 0.12

2.1 ± 0.21#

F = 3.39; p = 0.016

Glutamate

4.1 ± 0.30

3.5 ± 0.29

3.2 ± 0.13

3.5 ± 0.32

4.2 ± 0.28

F = 2.65; p = 0.044

Glutamine

0.39 ± 0.13

0.35 ± 0.15

0.88 ± 0.17

1.0 ± 0.32

1.1 ± 0.15

F = 3.08; p = 0.025

Glutathione

1.7 ± 0.20

1.4 ± 0.22

1.5 ± 0.23

1.0 ± 0.17

0.97 ± 0.18

F = 2.2; p = 0.082

Creatine

7.4 ± 0.37

7.0 ± 0.47

6.6 ± 0.39

6.1 ± 0.10

5.7 ± 0.30*

F = 3.55; p = 0.013

Taurine

9.7 ± 0.83

11 ± 0.61

9.9 ± 0.68

8.7 ± 0.72

6.8 ± 0.49*,#,†

F = 5.3; p = 0.0011

Choline

1.6 ± 0.11

1.6 ± 0.13

1.8 ± 0.15

1.7 ± 0.17

1.4 ± 0.11

F = 1.13; p = 0.35

Myo-inositol

1.9 ± 0.45

3.1 ± 0.38

2.5 ± 0.36

3.1 ± 0.51

1.7 ± 0.28

F = 2.66; p = 0.043

NAA/Cr

0.61 ± 0.020

0.74 ± 0.049

0.62 ± 0.037

0.70 ± 0.022

0.75 ± 0.047

K = 9.79; p = 0.044

Lactate/Cr

0.88 ± 0.13

0.90 ± 0.090

0.84 ± 0.074

0.82 ± 0.076

0.59 ± 0.093

F = 1.69; p = 0.17

Glutamate/Cr

0.81 ± 0.11

0.83 ± 0.099

0.83 ± 0.056

0.91 ± 0.083

1.2 ± 0.10*,¥

F = 3.02; p = 0.026

Glutamine/Cr

0.12 ± 0.047

0.086 ± 0.037

0.20 ± 0.042

0.25 ± 0.078

0.28 ± 0.045#

F = 2.86; p = 0.033

Glutathione/Cr

0.89 ± 0.076

0.75 ± 0.11

0.82 ± 0.11

0.59 ± 0.10

0.60 ± 0.082

F = 1.82; p = 0.14

Taurine/Cr

1.8 ± 0.14

2.0 ± 0.12

1.9 ± 0.095

1.8 ± 0.14

1.5 ± 0.11

F = 2.36; p = 0.065

Choline/Cr

1.4 ± 0.075

1.4 ± 0.098

1.8 ± 0.15

1.7 ± 0.14

1.7 ± 0.15

F = 2.85; p = 0.033

Myo-inositol/Cr

0.64 ± 0.13

1.1 ± 0.18

0.76 ± 0.077

1.1 ± 0.15

0.58 ± 0.080

F = 3.17; p = 0.021

  1. Bold indicates statistically different according to the following key
  2. SEM = standard error of the mean; * = significance from controls; # = significance from 48 h; ¥ = significance from 1 week; † = significance from 10 weeks; NAA = N-acetyl aspartate, Cr = creatine
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Acta Neuropathologica Communications

ISSN: 2051-5960

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