Fig. 10

Schematic diagrams describe the potential mechanisms of the SCF + G-CSF-enhanced neurorestoration in the chronic phase of severe TBI. a SCF + G-CSF treatment in the chronic phase of severe TBI promotes intact corticospinal tract sprouting into the denervated side of the cervical spinal cord (C5-7). The sprouted corticospinal tract axons are myelinated and re-form synaptic connections. b SCF + G-CSF treatment in the chronic phase of severe TBI ameliorates the TBI-induced microglial pathology and rebalances the TBI-induced synaptic overgrowth in the hippocampus by enhancing microglial function in pruning the over-generated synapses