Fig. 1

Human hepatocytes take up oligomeric α-syn assemblies in vitro. A Characterization of oligomeric and fibrillar α-syn-ATTO-550 assemblies using electron microscopy. B Western blot quantification of oligomeric and fibrillar α-syn uptake in primary human hepatocytes. C–F Immunocytochemistry of primary hepatocytes showing the internalization of α-syn-ATTO-550 labeled oligomers immunolabeled with the human specific α-syn antibody 14H (arrow head). G, H Immunocytochemistry of primary hepatocytes showing a partial co-localization between α-syn-ATTO-550 oligomers and the gap junction protein Cx32 (asterisk). K–N HuH-7 cells labeled with ß-tubulin (gray) expressing Cx32-mCherry (red) co-localize with α-syn-ATTO-488 oligomers (green, arrow head). All cells were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Bars = 20 µm. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with n = 3 using a Tukey's multiple comparison test, *p < 0.05