Fig. 4

GBM endothelium appears disrupted from the basement membrane resulting in BTB multilayer fenestration. a Confocal images and isosurface renderings of CD31⁺ endothelium for normal CTX and two GBM cases with 20 and 30% Ki67 indices. b Increased volumetric surface in high Ki67% cases. c Alpha blending of COL-IV and CD31 in normal CTX and GBM. Overview is shown in top panel and higher magnification in bottom panel. d Detail of different vascular structures in GBM labeled with COL-IV and CD31. E. COL-IV and CD31 colocalization plots in normal CTX (N. CTX) and GBM with 10 and 30% Ki67. F. Diagram of the basement membrane and endothelium in normal CTX (CTRL) and GBM. g Confocal images of COL-IV and CD31, 3D isosurface rendering and surface overlap in normal CTX and two cases of GBM with 20 and 30% Ki67. h Venn diagrams showing the 3D surface overlap of COL-IV and CD31 in N. CTX and GBM cases. i Percentage of overlapping COL-IV and CD31 3D surfaces in normal CTX and GBM-affected CTX