| A (Cohort 1) | | MSA (n = 19) | HC (n = 19) | p |
| Age | 70.2 ± 7.4 | 69.6 ± 6.5 | t = − 0.311; p = 0.757 |
| PMI | 10.6 ± 10.1 | 12.0 ± 10.8 | W = 175, p = 0.884 |
| Males | 10 | 10 | p = 1.000 |
| Females | 9 | 9 |
| | MSA-P (n = 5) | HC (n = 19) | p |
| Age | 66.8 ± 5.8 | 69.6 ± 6.5 | t = − 1.168; p = 0.255 |
| PMI | 15.2 ± 5.9 | 12.0 ± 10.8 | W = 60.5; p = 0.374 |
| Males | 3 (60.0) | 10 (52.6) | p = 1.000 |
| Females | 2 (40.0) | 9 (47.4) |
| | MSA-C (n = 5) | HC (n = 19) | p |
| Age | 72.2 ± 6.6 | 69.6 ± 6.5 | t = 0.366; p = 0.718 |
| PMI | 19.4 ± 13.2 | 12.0 ± 10.8 | W = 66.5; p = 0.188 |
| Males | 4 (80.0) | 10 (52.6) | p = 0.356 |
| Females | 1 (20.0) | 9 (47.4) |
| B (Cohort 2)a | | MSA (n = 48) | HC (n = 47) | p |
| Age | 64.5 ± 8.0 | 84.2 ± 9.1 | W = 159.5; p = 5.6E-13 |
| PMI | 61.7 ± 24.0 | 59.9 ± 28.2 | W = 1172; p = 0.746 |
| Males (%) | 21 (43.8) | 16 (34.0) | p = 0.402 |
| Females (%) | 27 (56.3) | 31 (66.0) |
| | MSA_P (n = 37) | HC (n = 47) | p |
| Age | 64.8 ± 8.5 | 84.2 ± 9.1 | W = 129.5; p = 2.6E-11 |
| PMI | 63.2 ± 24.6 | 59.9 ± 28.2 | W = 930; p = 0.589 |
| Males (%) | 14 (37.8) | 16 (34.0) | p = 0.820 |
| Females (%) | 23 (62.1) | 31 (66.0) |
| | MSA_C (n = 11) | HC (n = 47) | p |
| Age | 63.5 ± 6.4 | 84.2 ± 9.1 | W = 30; p = 6.0E-06 |
| PMI | 56.9 ± 22.2 | 59.9 ± 28.2 | W = 242; p = 0.751 |
| Males (%) | 7 (63.6) | 16 (34.0) | p = 0.093 |
| Females (%) | 4 (36.4) | 31 (66.0) |
| C (Cohort 1 - LCM)b | | MSA (n = 6) | HC (n = 6) | p |
| Age | 70.0 ± 7.7 | 72.0 ± 7.0 | t = −0.469; p = 0.650 |
| PMI | 16.3 ± 14.4 | 9.4 ± 11.0 | W = 26.5; p = 0.199 |
| Males | 4 (66.7) | 2 (33.3) | p = 0.547 |
| Females | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) |
- aOne MSA-P sample was removed after the PCA analysis (Final sample size: MSA = 47; MSA- P = 36; MSA-C = 11; HC = 47)
- bTwo MSA and one HC samples were removed after PCA analysis (Final sample size: MSA = 4; HC = 5)
