Fig. 5

Serum-derived exosomes from 5xFAD mice and AD patients shuttle Aβ to mitochondria in N2a cells and neurons. Immunofluorescence images of N2a cells incubated with either (a) wild type or (b) 5xFAD serum-derived exosomes and then labeled with flotillin-2 and Tom-20 antibodies. (e) Pearson’s correlation coefficient for colocalization of flotillin-2 and Tom-20. N = 6. Student t-test with Welch’s correction. *p < 0.05. c, d Neurons differentiated from human iPS cells and incubated with control healthy human (c) or AD patient exosomes (d) showing that only AD patient exosomes shuttle Aβ to mitochondria in neurons (arrows). f Pearson’s correlation coefficient for colocalization of Aβ with Tom-20. N = 6. Student t-test with Welch’s correction. **p < 0.01. g as in d, but additional labeling of AD patient exosomes with Vybrant CM diI showing mitochondrial clustering (arrows) induced by Aβ-associated exosomes. Bottom image shows detail of (g)