Fig. 9

Pathological correlates of clinical features in LRRK2 mutation carriers. a-d Comparisons of pathology levels in LRRK2 mutation carriers that had either PD or PD with dementia (PDD). Of the 12 LRRK2 mutation carriers, 11 of them were characterized clinically as having PD, or having PD followed by dementia. One case had a clinical history of schizophrenia, not PD, and so was removed from this analysis. AT8 (a), GT-38 (b) and pSyn (c) pathologies were significantly elevated in the brains of individuals with dementia. In contrast, Aβ load was not different between the two groups (d). a-c Mann-Whitney tests: AT8: p = 0.0121; GT-38: p = 0.0061; pSyn: p = 0.0121. d Unpaired t-test: Aβ: p = 0.9764. e-h Mean log₁₀ pathology levels were plotted against age at death. AT8 and GT-38 showed the best correlation with age. Lines represent linear regression line of best-fit and shaded area is the 95% confidence interval (AT8: R²_adj = 0.38, p = 0.02012; GT-38: R²_adj = 0.29, p = 0.03969; pSyn: R²_adj = − 0.01, p = 0.3625, Aβ: R²_adj = − 0.07, p = 0.6079). i-l Mean log₁₀ pathology levels were plotted against disease duration. No pathology measure showed a statistically significant correlation with disease duration (AT8: R²_adj = − 0.11, p = 0.9612; GT-38: R²_adj = − 0.10, p = 0.7663; pSyn: R²_adj = 0.03, p = 0.2791, Aβ: R²_adj = 0.06, p = 0.2386)