Table 2 Preclinical studies using active immunotherapy in vivo
From: Intersection of pathological tau and microglia at the synapse
Publication | Peptide/adjuvant | Animal model/ immunization start | Immunization schedule | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Rosenmann (2006) [252] | Tau1-441 + CFA + PT | C57BL/6 (+/- MOG) | Vaccine, PT 2D later, Tau-CFA 1W later | Tau pathology in neurons and glia, severe neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, tail and hind leg paralysis, behavioral impairments |
Boimel (2010) [35] | Tau195-213[P202/205], Tau207-220[P212/214], Tau224-238[P231] peptide mix + MBT + PT | Tau-K257T/P301S (+/- MOG) 4M | Vaccine, PT 2D later, peptides 1W later | ↓ NFTs, microgliosis, NC astrogliosis, changes in lysosomal proteases |
Boutajangout (2010) [42] | Tau379–408[pS396/S404] + aluminium phosphate | hTau (6 isoforms) crossed with PS1 M146L 3-4M | See Boutajangout (2010) | ↓ P-tau, NC micro- and astrogliosis, improved cognition |
Bi (2011) [30] | Tau395–406[pS396/S404] + CFA + KLH or IFA | pR5 (4R2N/P301L) 4M, 8M or 18M | 0W, 2W and 4W | ↓ P-tau, ↓ NFTs, ↑astrogliosis in aged group |
Rozenstein-Tsalkovich (2013) [254] | See Boimel (2010) | Tau-K257T/P301S 6M or 12M | Vaccine, booster 2W later, peptide mix every month (7x in 12M mice, 4x in aged mice) | Severe neuroinflammation, neurological deficits |
Theunis (2013) [296] | Tau393-408[pS396/pS404] liposomes | Tau.P301L (2N4R/P301L) 6M | 0W, 2W, 4W. Then once after 3M or 2-monthly intervals | ↓ P-tau, ↓insoluble tau, NC micro- and astrogliosis, improved clinical parameters |
Ando (2014) [9] | PHF + aluminium phosphate | THY-Tau22 (4R1N/G272V & P301S) 12M | 0W, 2W, 6W, 10W | ↓NFTs, ↓insoluble tau, NC micro- and astrogliosis |
Selenica (2014) [268] | 2N4R or 2N4R/P301L + Quil-A | Tg4510 (4R0N/P301L) 5M | 0W, 2W, 4W, then 10W rest and followed by 3x 3-weekly boosters | ↓ P-tau, ↓micro- and astrogliosis |
Rajamohamedsait (2017) [246] | See Boutajangout (2010) | 3xTg (4R02/P301L, PS1 M146V, APPSWE) 3M | See Boutajangout (2010) | ↓ P-tau, ↓ MC1, ↓ insoluble tau, ↓microgliosis, NC astrogliosis, ↓plaque burden |
Benhamron (2018) [24] | See Boimel (2010) | APPSwe/PSEN1dE9-tg 14M | See (Boimel, 2010) | ↓P-tau, ↓ Aβ burden, ↑microgliosis, NC astrogliosis, improved cognition |
Ji (2018) [152] | Tau294-305 VLP | PS19 (4R1N/P301S) 3M | 4x at 2-weekly or 3-weekly intervals | ↓ P-tau, ↓ insoluble tau, ↓microgliosis, ↓astrogliosis, ↓synapse loss, improved cognition |