Fig. 4

Ref1 mRNA level is increased in Drosophila ALS/FTD models. a Ref1 mRNA levels in Drosophila heads are increased by TDP-43 expression. *p < 0.05 two tailed Student’s t-test. Genotypes. Control: elavGS/+. TDP-43: elavGS/UAS-TDP-43. b Ref1 mRNA levels in Drosophila heads are increased by long (49), but not short (8) G4C2 repeats expression. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test, F(2,15) = 52.09, p < 0.001. ***p < 0.001, n.s not statistically significant. Genotypes. Control: elavGS/+. (G4C2)8: elavGS/UAS-(G4C2)8. (G4C2)49: elavGS/UAS-(G4C2)49. For all graphs, individual data points are shown with mean +/− standard deviation