Fig. 3

Fluorescence imaging with THK-5117 in Alzheimer’s disease cases and controls. a–t) THK-5117 bound pathology in green, neuronal nuclear marker, Nissl Neurotrace 640, in red; scale bar inset 50 μm. a–d) Images showing neurofibrillary tangle structures detected by THK-5117 in individual AD cases. f–i) Images that present pre-tangles bound by THK-5117. k–n) THK-5117 bound neuropil threads were observed only in distinct regions of each AD case. p–s) THK-5117 labelling of plaque-like structures in all AD cases in distinct brain regions. e/j/o) Representative images of THK-5117 labelling in the control case CTRL4 depict the absence of THK-5117 binding to any pathological tau structures. t) THK-5117 binding to plaque-like structures in control tissue. u–x) THK-5117 fluorescent labelling of a hippocampal neurofibrillary tangle (Alzheimer’s disease case AD1); THK-5117 in green, AT8 in blue, Nissl Neurotrace 640 in red; scale bar inset 25 μm. y) Representative immunofluorescence image showing THK-5117 labelled structures in absence of AT8 co-staining (Alzheimer’s disease case AD1); THK-5117 in green, AT8 in blue, Nissl Neurotrace 640 in red; scale bar inset 50 μm. z) Representative image of THK-5117 and Aβ-XP immunofluorescence showing distinct and co-incidental binding of THK-5117 and amyloid beta to cortical pathology; THK-5117 in green, Aβ-XP in red; scale bar inset 50 μm. Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CTRL, control; NFT, neurofibrillary tangles; PT, pre-tangles; NT, neuropil threads; PLS, plaque-like structures; FC, frontal cortex; TC, temporal cortex; HP, hippocampus; Aβ, amyloid-beta