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Table 1 Characteristics of subjects

From: Brainstem tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by increase of three repeat tau and independent of amyloid β

Case

Age at death

Sex

Braak’s cortical NFT stages

Lewy pathology

Brainstem

NFT

Comparison of 3R tau % with 4R tau%

Formalin-fixed brain weight (g)

CERAD neuritic plaque score

Brainstem

Aβ deposition

Midbrain

Pons

Midbrain

Pons

Superior colliculus

Periaqueductal gray

Linear raphe nucleus

Substantia nigra

Locus coeruleus

Dorsal raphe nucleus

Median raphe nucleus

Neuropil thread

NFT

Total

Superior colliculus

Periaqueductal gray

Linear raphe nucleus

Substantia nigra

Total

Locus coeruleus

Dorsal raphe nucleus

Median raphe nucleus

Reticular formation

Pontine nucleus

Ventral/Dorsal

Medial/Lateral

Midbrain

Pons

Midbrain

Pons

Ventral / Dorsal

Medial/ Lateral

1

74

M

I/II

+ (B)

+

+ / +

+

+/+

+

+

+

<

<

<

<

1310

0

2

81

M

I/II

+

+ / +

+

+/+

+

+

+

<

<

<

>

1455

A

3

71

F

I/II

+

++/++

+

+/++

+++

+

++

>

>

<

>

1240

0

4

77

M

I/II

+

+ / +

+

+/+

+

+

+

<

<

>

>

1350

0

5

78

M

I/II

+

+ / +

+

+/+

++

+

+

<

>

<

>

1410

A

6

87

M

I/II

+

+ / +

+

+/+

++

+

++

<

<

<

<

1375

B

7

68

M

I/II

+

+ / +

+

+/+

+

+

+

<

<

<

<

1390

0

8

63

M

I/II

+

+ / +

+

+/+

+

+

+

<

>

>

>

1515

0

9

86

F

III/IV

+ (B)

+

++ / +

+

+/++

+++

+

++

<

>

>

>

1190

B

10

93

M

III/IV

+

++ / +

+++

++/++

++

+

++

<

>

>

>

1430

B

++

++

- / +

++

++

11

100

F

III/IV

+

++ / +

++

+/++

+++

+

++

>

>

>

>

1150

A

+

+

12

83

F

III/IV

+++

++ / +

++

+/+

++

+

++

>

>

>

>

1100

B

++

++

+ / ++

+/−

+

+

13

86

M

III/IV

+ (T)

+

++ / +

+

+/+

+

++

+++

>

<

<

<

1270

B

+

+

+

+

14

92

F

III/IV

+

+ / +

+

+/+

+++

++

++

>

>

>

>

1130

B

+

+

15

95

F

III/IV

+

+ / +

+

+/++

+

+

+++

<

>

>

>

1260

C

++

++

- / +

+/−

16

80

M

III/IV

+

+ / +

+

+/+

+++

+

++

>

<

<

<

1400

B

+

+

+/−

17

82

M

V/VI

+++

+++ / +

++

++/++

++

++

+++

>

>

>

>

1185

C

+++

+++

+ / ++

+

+/−

+++

+++

+

++

+

+

18

93

M

V/VI

+

+++ / +

+++

++/+

+++

+++

+++

>

>

>

>

1080

C

+

+

- / +

+/+

+++

+++

+

++

+

19

94

F

V/VI

++

+++ / +

+++

++/+

+++

+

+++

>

>

>

>

1350

C

+++

+++

- / +

++/+

+

+

20

89

F

V/VI

+

+++ / +

+++

++/++

+++

++

+++

>

>

>

>

1300

B

++

++

+ / ++

+

+

+

21

102

F

V/VI

++

+++ / +

++

+/++

+++

+

++

<

<

>

>

1140

0

22

85

M

V/VI

++

+++ / +

+++

+++/++

+++

++

+++

<

<

<

<

1395

C

+++

+++

+ / ++

+

++/++

+++

+++

+

++

+

+

23

88

F

V/VI

+ (N)

+++

++ / +

+++

+++/++

+++

++

+++

>

>

>

>

1170

C

+++

+++

+ /+++

++/+

+++

+++

+

+

+

+

  1. Concomitant Lewy pathology is described as brainstem-predominant (B), transitional (T) and neocortical (N), according to McKeith criteria [37]. The regional counts in the 1 mm2 microscopic field with maximal neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) or well-defined compact Aβ deposition density is graded as follows; − (absent): none in the field, + (sparse): 1–9/field, ++ (mild) 10–19/field, +++ (moderate): 20- /field. For the comparison of 3R tau (%) with 4R tau (%), > indicates that the proportion of 3R tau is greater than that of 4R tau, while < indicates that the proportion of 4R tau is greater than that of 3R tau, on each section