Fig. 2

Cuprizone increases BBB permeability in vitro. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of (a) monocultures of primary endothelial cells (EC) and (b) co-cultures of EC with astrocytes after 250 μM cuprizone for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Evaluation of significance was done by 2way ANOVA with Sidak’s post test (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01). Shown is one representative experiment but similar results were obtained in three additional experiments (each N = 3–4 mice per condition). c Immunostaining of EC for occludin and PECAM1 that had been treated 250 μM cuprizone for 48 h (Scale bar: 20 μm) with quantification of % anti-occludin positive area on the right (N = 3 independent experiments, Student’s t-test, P > 0.01 **). d Quantitative RT-PCR analysis on EC challenged with 250 μM cuprizone for 48 h. Results show mean fold changes of individual cultures (N = 3) normalized to vehicle treated controls (set to 1). Significance to control was evaluated by unpaired Student’s t-test (P < 0.05 *)