Table 1 Primary microglia treated with ~1 nM concentration of α-synuclein fibrils (see Fig. 1), or the equivalent amount (w/v) of monomeric α-synuclein, for the indicated amount of time
From: α-Synuclein fibrils recruit peripheral immune cells in the rat brain prior to neurodegeneration
Analyte (pg mL-1) | Monomer (2 hours) | Fibril (2 hours) | Fold (fibril/monomer) | p* | Monomer (4 hours) | Fibril (4 hours) | Fold (fibril/monomer) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G-CSF | 0.70±0.38 | 3.71±0.26 | 5.33±0.37 | 0.0028 | 0.94±0.62 | 45.32±8.02 | 65.06±11.51 | 0.0053 |
IL-1α | 18.49±1.74 | 30.38±2.76 | 1.64±0.15 | 0.022 | 16.78±1.76 | 85.06±10.16 | 5.07±0.61 | 0.0027 |
IL-2 | 1.06±0.14 | 1.45±0.26 | -- | ns | 0.82±0.08 | 1.54±0.09 | 1.88±0.11 | 0.004 |
IL-4 | 0.29±0.02 | 0.27±0.02 | -- | ns | 0.29±0.02 | 0.34±0.02 | -- | ns |
IL-5 | 1.23±0.40 | 1.88±0.26 | -- | ns | 1.33±0.33 | 2.92±0.64 | -- | ns |
IL-6 | 2.78±0.86 | 84.07±6.48 | 30.20±2.33 | 0.0002 | 2.87±1.84 | 1000±286.4 | 348.57±99.77 | 0.0253 |
IL-9 | 13.92±5.96 | 3.62±3.62 | -- | ns | 11.99±1.33 | 10.43±1.41 | -- | ns |
IL-10 | 1.14±0.28 | 0.96±0.51 | -- | ns | 0.46±0.14 | 3.79±1.01 | 8.29±2.20 | 0.0306 |
IL-15 | 0.83±0.83 | 2.08±1.76 | -- | ns | 2.28±1.26 | 9.69±3.71 | -- | ns |
IL-17 | 0.37±0.04 | 0.61±0.07 | 1.63±0.20 | 0.0456 | 0.32±0.03 | 1.77±0.20 | 5.59±0.64 | 0.0021 |
IP-10 (CXCL10) | 2.55±0.23 | 24.23±1.34 | 9.51±0.52 | <0.0001 | 4.20±1.42 | 242.5±56.68 | 57.68±13.48 | 0.0137 |
KC (CXCL1) | 8.00±1.21 | 93.83±4.55 | 11.72±0.57 | <0.0001 | 8.68±2.86 | 635.1±119.7 | 73.20±13.80 | 0.0064 |
MCP-1 (CCL2) | 428.1±55.54 | 470.4±76.83 | 1.10±0.18 | 0.0126 | 698.3±29.25 | 1415±175.7 | 2.03±0.25 | 0.0079 |
MIP-1α | 163.6±14.40 | 365.2±2.08 | 2.23±0.01 | 0.0002 | 194.9±23.25 | 1739±343.2 | 8.93±1.76 | 0.0109 |
MIP-1β | 181.3±21.37 | 590.7±19.38 | 3.26±0.11 | 0.0001 | 237±41.94 | 4729±734.6 | 19.95±3.10 | 0.036 |
MIP-2 | 50.94±3.13 | 750.3±55.95 | 14.73±1.10 | 0.0002 | 85.52±20.56 | 3237±232.7 | 37.85±2.72 | 0.0002 |
RANTES | 1.08±0.11 | 1.22±0.09 | -- | ns | 0.98±0.09 | 8.12±2.40 | 8.29±2.45 | 0.0412 |
TNF | 6.52±0.88 | 248.4±10.39 | 38.08±1.59 | <0.0001 | 8.85±1.69 | 754.7±103.3 | 85.28±11.67 | 0.002 |