Figure 18

Brain tissue cytokine/chemokine analysis (acute experiment). Immunostimulatory responses to acute CpG ODN treatment were further characterized in brain tissue samples in 3xTg-AD mice. Unlike in plasma, only 2 cytokines were released at a detectable concentration. In both age cohorts, there were significant increases in IP10 (young, **p = 0.003; aged, **p = 0.007) ( A , C ) and IL10 (young, *p = 0.014; aged, *p = 0.04) ( B , D ) brain tissue cytokine levels 12 hrs post CpG ODN administration.