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Table 2 Currently used disease-modifying agents and acute exacerbation medications with an anti-angiogenic property

From: Angiogenesis in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Chemical name

Brand name

References related to anti-angiogenic activity

Alemtuzumab1

Lemtrada

[213]

Cyclophosphamide2

Endoxan, Cytoxan, Neosar, Procytox, Revimmune

[217]

Dexamethasone

Decadron

[203]

Methylprednisolone

Solu-Medrol

[203]

Dimethyl fumarate

Tecfidera

[215]

Fingolimod

Gilenya

[210]–[212]

Glatiramer acetate

Copaxone

[206],[207]

Interferon β-1a

Avonex, Rebif

[84],[204],[205]

Interferon β-1b

Betaferon, Extavia

Mitoxantrone

Novantrone

[216]

Natalizumab

Tysabri

[208],[209]

Teriflunomide

Aubagio

Only indirect evidence derived from anti-lymphocytes activity

  1. 1licensed for MS therapy by the European Medicine Agency (EMA) but rejected by the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), USA; 2not licensed but used in clinical practice.
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Acta Neuropathologica Communications

ISSN: 2051-5960

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