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Figure 1 | Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Figure 1

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Decreased neuroinflammation and increased brain energy homeostasis following environmental enrichment after mild traumatic brain injury is associated with improvement in cognitive function

Figure 1

Inflammatory markers. ELISA results of IL-1β (A), TNF-α (B) and IL-10 (C) levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (D-F). Increased levels of IL-1β and TNF-α are evident in both prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mTBI rats but housing animals in EE after injury modulated the upregulation in these pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 is decreased in mTBI rats assigned in the control environment compared to the mTBI rats housed in EE. Sham groups show minimal expression of both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

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Acta Neuropathologica Communications

ISSN: 2051-5960

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