AD (IV-VI)
|
High
|
F or T
|
HE, tau, p62, Aβ
| |
TDP-43, α-syn
|
History, scans
| |
PSP
|
Low
|
N/A
|
HE, p62, tau
|
4-R tau,
|
Aβ, TDP-43, α-syn
|
History, scans, genetics
|
Negative biopsy does not exclude. Rule out MAPT mutation FTD and/or other parkinsonian diseases
|
3-R tau
|
CBD
|
High
|
F or T
|
HE, p62, tau
|
4-R tau,
|
Aβ, TDP-43, α-syn
|
History, scans, genetics
|
Rule out MAPT mutation
|
3-R tau
|
MAPT mutation
|
Likely to depend on mutation
|
N/A
|
HE, p62, tau
|
4-R tau,
|
Aβ, TDP-43, α-syn
|
History, scans, genetics
|
Genetics essential for diagnosis
|
3-R tau
|
DLB
|
High- neocortical, Moderate-Low - limbic
|
F >T
|
HE, p62, α-syn,
| |
Aβ, tau, TDP-43
|
History, scans
|
Often seen with AD pathology
|
MSA
|
High
|
F or T
|
HE, p62, α-syn,
| |
tau
|
History, scans
|
White matter essential in the biopsy
|
HD
|
High
|
F or T
|
HE, p62
|
polyglutamine
|
TDP-43, FUS
|
History, scans, genetics
|
Genetics essential for diagnosis
|
FTLD-TDP/ FTLD-MND
|
High
|
T > F
|
HE, p62, TDP-43
| |
Aβ, tau, FUS
|
History, scans, genetics
|
History to tell FTLD-MND from FTLD-TDP
|
ALS
|
Very low-nil
|
N/A
|
HE, p62, TDP-43, FUS
| | |
History, scans genetics
|
Biopsy-Very unlikely to help
|
Metabolic disease
|
Likely to depend on disease
|
N/A
|
HE, PAS, LFB/N
| |
p62, tau
|
History, scans genetics
| |
CVD
|
Depends what type: infarct-high AA-high Binswanger’s-low
|
N/A
|
HE, Aβ, CR
| |
p62, tau, LFB/N
|
History, scans
|
Leptomeninges needed for AA, Binswanger’s likely to be missed without deep white matter
|
Prion Disease
|
Moderate-High
|
unknown
|
HE, GFAP, PrP
| |
Aβ, tau, TDP-43, α-syn
|
History, scans genetics
|
Negative biopsy does not rule out diagnosis
|
FTLD-FUS
|
unknown
|
unknown
|
HE, p62, FUS
| |
Aβ, tau, TDP-43, α-syn
|
History, scans genetics
| |
PiD
|
High
|
unknown
|
HE, p62, tau
|
4-R tau, 3-R tau
|
TDP-43, Aβ, α-syn
|
History, scans genetics
|
Rule out MAPT mutation
|
PD
|
Very low-nil
|
N/A
|
HE, p62 α-syn
| |
tau
|
History, scans genetics
|
Biopsy could rule out other causes of parkinsonism
|