Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of CPM patients
From: Evidence of aquaporin involvement in human central pontine myelinolysis
No. | Age | Sex | AQP1/4 tissue | Brief history | Probable cause/ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | (years) | Â | immunoreactivity* | Â | underlying cause of |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | CPM |
1 | 56 | M | 0 | Alcoholism; nausea and vomiting 1Â week; hyponatremia, abnormal liver function tests; presented to Emergency Room in cardiorespiratory arrest. | Rapid correction of hyponatremia |
2 | 53 | M | 0 | Depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Not seen for 4Â days; found dehydrated and malnourished; drug and alcohol screen negative. | Dehydration, malnutrition and hypernatremia |
3 | 33 | M | 0 | Cryptogenic cirrhosis with antitrypsin heterozygosity; orthotopic liver transplant and hyponatremia followed by progressive obtundation and seizures. | Orthotopic liver transplant |
4 | 45 | M | 0 | Small-cell lung carcinoma, metastatic to liver; abnormal liver function tests; possible malnutrition; hyperkalemia; several syncopal episodes in preceding hours; presented with respiratory failure. | SIAD secondary to small-cell lung carcinoma |
5 | 24 | F | ↑ | Hepatic failure and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, 6 months; altered consciousness level and nonconvulsive status epilepticus 5 weeks before death; hypocalcemia, hyperammonemia and elevated liver enzymes. | Hepatic failure and hypocalcemia |
6 | 68 | F | ↑ | Hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia and remote endometrial carcinoma (treated by resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy); presented with gangrene of the right fifth toe; generalized seizure followed by unresponsiveness. | Diabetes mellitus type II |