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Fig. 5 | Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Fig. 5

From: Localized microglia dysregulation impairs central nervous system myelination in development

Fig. 5

Osteopontin as a biomarker for poor myelination in developing white matter. A Diagram of comparison between control infant iROI (cROI) and injured infant ROI (iROI-M+ and iROI-M−). B Heatmap of IFN-associated DEGs in injured versus control infants, indicated as Log2FC. C Volcano plot of DEGs in injured versus control infants indicated in grey. Osteopontin (SPP1) is indicated in pink (P = 0.0005). N = 6 control infants and 6 injured infants. D Diagram of comparison between normally myelinating areas (control infant cROI and injured infant iROI-M+) versus poorly myelinating areas (injured infant iROI-M−). E Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes in iROI-M− versus cROI/iROI-M+, indicated in grey. Osteopontin (SPP1) is indicated in pink (P = 0.04213). N = 6 control infants and 6 injured infants. F Levels of SPP1 protein in cerebrospinal fluid of term controls and infants at high risk of brain white matter damage (preterm). Mann–Whitney test, **P = 0.0031, n = 20 term infants and 17 preterm infants. G Graphical abstract: Compared to normally myelinating regions of infant brain, poorly myelinating regions have a Type II interferon signature associated with increased interferon-responsive microglia (IRF8 +), increased CNPase + oligodendrocytes which produce less myelin and abnormal myelin, and increased interferon-inducer SPP1—also detectable in cerebrospinal fluid of infants at high risk of brain injury

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