Table 2 Acute clinicopathologic and neuroinflammatory changes in decedents died from COVID-19 (N = 20)
Case | Age, sex | Cardiovascular disease/risk factors | Recent infarctions and hemorrhages | Acute ischemia | Viral-related changes | Microglial activation | CD4 + T lymphocytes | CD8 + T lymphocytes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 26M | Yes | Single acute gross SAH | No | No | Mild | MEN - Minimal | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - None | PVS - Moderate | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Moderate | |||||||
2 | 43M | No | No | No | Microglial nodule | Severe | MEN – Minimal | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS - Mild | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Minimal | |||||||
3 | 46M | No | Multiple subacute microinfarcts. Multiple acute and subacute gross and micro-IPHs. One acute micro-SAH | Yes | AHLE | Moderate | MEN - Minimal | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS - Mild | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Minimal | |||||||
4 | 51M | Yes | Multiple acute gross and microinfarcts | Yes | No | Moderate | MEN - Minimal | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS - Minimal | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Minimal | |||||||
5 | 60M | Yes | Multiple acute microinfarcts. Multiple acute gross-IPHs and SAHs | Yes | No | Moderate | MEN - Minimal | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS- Mild | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR- Mild | |||||||
6 | 61F | Yes | No | No | Lymphocytic cuffing | Moderate | MEN - inimal | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS - Moderate | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Moderate | |||||||
7 | 63M | Yes | No | No | No | Moderate | MEN - None | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - None | PVS - Mild | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Mild | |||||||
8 | 65F | No | Multiple acute microinfarcts. Multiple acute gross and micro-IPHs and SAHs | No | No | Moderate | MEN - Moderate | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS - Minimal | |||||||
PAR - Minimal | PAR - Minimal | |||||||
9 | 66M | Yes | Multiple acute microinfarcts. Single acute micro-IPH and multiple acute gross-SAHs | Yes | Fibrinoid necrosis | Severe | MEN - Severe | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Mild | PVS - Minimal | |||||||
PAR - Minimal | PAR - Minimal | |||||||
10 | 71M | Yes | No | Yes | Lymphocytic cuffing | Severe | MEN - Minimal | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS - Mild | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Mild | |||||||
11 | 71M | Yes | Single acute microinfarct | No | No | Severe | MEN - None | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - None | PVS - Mild | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Mild | |||||||
12 | 72M | Yes | Multiple acute gross and micro-IPHs and SAHs | Yes | Lymphocytic cuffing | Severe | MEN - Moderate | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS - Moderate | |||||||
PAR - Minimal | PAR - Moderate | |||||||
13 | 72F | Yes | Single acute microinfarct | No | No | Moderate | MEN - None | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - None | PVS - Mild | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Minimal | |||||||
14 | 77F | Yes | Multiple acute microinfarcts | No | Lymphocytic cuffing | Moderate | MEN - Mild | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS - Minimal | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Minimal | |||||||
15 | 77M | Yes | No | No | No | Mild | MEN - Minimal | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Mild | PVS - Mild | |||||||
PAR - Minimal | PAR - Minimal | |||||||
16 | 80M | Yes | No | Yes | Neuronophagia | Mild | MEN- Mild | MEN - Mild |
PVS- Minimal | PVS - Mild | |||||||
PAR - Mild | PAR - Minimal | |||||||
17 | 81M | Yes | Single subacute microinfarct | Yes | Microglial nodule | Mild | MEN - Minimal | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS - Mild | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Mild | |||||||
18 | 82M | Yes | Single acute gross IPH | Yes | Microglial nodule | Moderate | MEN - Minimal | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS - Mild | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Mild | |||||||
19 | 83F | Yes | Single subacute gross infarct | No | Neuronophagia, lymphocytic cuffing, and vasculitis-like changes | Moderate | MEN - Minimal | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS - Mild | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Minimal | |||||||
20 | 96F | No | Single acute microinfarct | No | Microglial nodule and lymphocytic cuffing | Severe | MEN - Minimal | MEN - Minimal |
PVS - Minimal | PVS - Minimal | |||||||
PAR - None | PAR - Minimal |