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Fig. 1 | Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Fig. 1

From: Repetitive mild TBI causes pTau aggregation in nigra without altering preexisting fibril induced Parkinson’s-like pathology burden

Fig. 1

Gross pathology indicating encephalomalacia in rat brain following 8× rmTBI. Novel surgery-free, unshielded weight drop injury device designed to impact the entire calvarium similar to a fall, car accident, or strike to the head (A). Titration of injury severity 0–2.0 kg with 0.250 kg increments indicating instant fatality following a single 2.0 kg injury, instant fatality following second injury with 1.75 kg and survivability of 4 injuries with 1.5 kg weight drop injury from 25 cm height. B Behavioral assessment of motor deficits using an open field test 10 days post injury indicating no behavioral deficit after up to 8× r-mTBI. C Fluorescent staining for NeuN+, Iba1, MHCII, GFAP of an area of encephalomalacia (D1D10). NeuN+ cells are absent from the area of encephalomalacia (D1D2). The area of injury devoid of neurons (NeunN+) is infiltrated by Iba1+ and MHCII + microglia (D2D4). Expansion of GFAP+ astrocytes in the area of injury (D10). An area of brain thinning or encephalomalacia is present and visible on the anatomical left cortex on an intact brain prior to sectioning. Dashed white line and square indicate region that was magnified in D2D5 and D7D9

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