Table 2 Main characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review
Study | Cohort | Number of individuals with AD | Clinical phenotype | Age | Sex |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Postmortem studies | |||||
Murray et al. [7] | Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, US | 889 (all at the AD dementia stage, with neuropathologic AD confirmation) | Typical and atypical AD | From 37 to 103 years (at death) | 55% women |
Hanna Al-Shaikh et al. [4] | Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, US | 1 361 (all at the AD dementia stage, with neuropathologic AD confirmation) | Typical and atypical AD | From 54 to 104 years (at death) | 54% women |
Whitwell et al. [9] | Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US | 177 (all at the AD dementia stage, with neuropathologic AD confirmation) | Typical and atypical AD | From 65 to 95 years (at death) | 60% women |
Sahoo et al. [24] | Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US | 36 (all at the AD dementia stage, with neuropathologic AD confirmation) | Non-amnestic AD | From 52 to 98 years (at death) | 39% women |
Petersen et al. [25] | UCSF-MAC, CA, US | 74 (all at the AD dementia stage, with neuropathologic AD confirmation) | Typical and atypical AD | 71 years (average age at death for the whole cohort, N = 94) | 43% women |
Corder et al. [28] | Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden | 249 (all neurological patients, 62 were at the dementia stage—AD or other) | Heterogeneous clinical diagnoses | 79 years (average age at death) | 52% women |
Uretsky et al. [26] | Rush University Alzheimer’s Disease Center (ROS and MAP cohorts), IL, US | 292 (186 at AD dementia and 54 at prodromal stages, 27 cognitively unimpaired, 21 mixed with AD dementia, 4 non-AD dementias; all with neuropathologic AD confirmation) | Not reported but likely mostly amnestic AD and prodromal AD cases | From 71 to 103 years (at death) | 74% women |
Smirnov et al. [27] | UCSD- Shiley- Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, CA, US | 121 (102 at AD dementia and 10 at prodromal AD stages, 9 other non-AD dementias; all with neuropathologic AD confirmation) | Not reported | 77 years (average age at death) | 36% women |
In vivo tau PET studies | |||||
Schwarz et al. [29] | Clinical trial (NCT 02,016,560), US | 75 (28 at AD dementia and 47 at prodromal AD stages) | Not reported | From 50 to 95 years (at PET scanning) | 52% women |
Schwarz et al. [30] | ADNI-2, US and Canada | 98 (46 healthy controls, 42 MCI, and 10 AD; among them, 52 were amyloid-beta positive, unknown status in 4 cases) | Amnestic AD and MCI cases | 75 years (average age at PET scanning) | 42% women |
Whitwell et al. [11] | Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US | 62 (all at the AD dementia stage) | Typical and atypical AD, including posterior cortical atrophy, logopenic aphasia, and behavioral/dysexecutive AD | From 57 to 80 years (at PET scanning) | 53% women |
Charil et al. [6] | Clinical trial (NCT 02,016,560), US | 45 (22 at AD dementia and 23 at prodromal AD stages; all amyloid-beta positive) | Not reported | From 50 to 92 years (at PET scanning) | 56% women |
Mohanty et al. [8] | ADNI-2, US and Canada | 84 (30 at AD dementia and 54 at prodromal AD stages; all amyloid-beta positive) | Amnestic AD and prodromal AD cases | From 55 to 91 years (at PET scanning) | 49% women |
Palleis et al. [32] | Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Germany | 11 patients with Corticobasal Syndrome, 10 of them with underlying AD pathology (biomarker-based) | Corticobasal Syndrome | 76 years (average age at PET scanning) | 73% women |
Rullmann et al. [33] | GII4T: Leipzig and Munich, Germany, and New Haven, CT, US | 38 at AD dementia; all amyloid-beta positive | Not reported | 69 years (average age at PET scanning) | 55% women |
Krishnadas et al. [34] | AIBL, Australia | 151 (84 at AD dementia and 67 at prodromal AD stages; all amyloid-beta positive) | Mostly amnestic AD and prodromal AD cases | 73 years (average age at PET scanning) | 48% women |
Young et al. [12] | Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic AD study (A4), ADNI, HABS, and the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention and the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center | 392 (cognitively unimpaired, all amyloid-beta positive). The article also includes 55 amyloid-beta negative participants who were excluded for our current study | All cases are cognitively unimpaired | 72 years (average age at PET scanning) | 57% women |
Toledo et al. [31] | ADNI, US and Canada | 282 (AD dementia, prodromal AD, and cognitively unimpaired, amyloid-beta positive). The article also includes 214 amyloid-beta negative participants who were excluded for our current study | Amnestic AD and prodromal AD cases | From 61 to 83 years (at PET scanning) | 52% women |