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Fig. 4 | Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Fig. 4

From: Müller cell degeneration and microglial dysfunction in the Alzheimer’s retina

Fig. 4

Layer-wise GFAP and IBA-1 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) retina compared to controls. Red bars represent AD donors (N = 5). Blue bars represent age-matched controls (N = 7). A GFAP labelled post-mortem human retina cross-sections are imaged at central and mid-peripheral locations in relation to optic nerve head. Normalized area percentage of GFAP positive pixels is calculated in each retinal layer and plotted against the particular layer. GFAP immunoreactivity, is lower in AD donors, as seen by the red bars generally lower than the blue bars. This is significant in the central GCL (p < 0.05), IPL (p < 0.01), and OPL (p < 0.05) and mid-peripheral RNFL (p < 0.01), IPL (p < 0.05), and OPL (p < 0.05). B IBA-1 labelled post-mortem human retina cross-sections are imaged at central and mid-peripheral locations in relation to optic nerve head. Normalized area percentage of IBA-1 positive pixels is calculated in each retinal layer and plotted against the particular layer. IBA-1 immunoreactivity is higher in AD donors, as seen by the red bars generally higher than the blue bars. This is significant in mid-peripheral INL and OPL (p < 0.05). Note that the ranges of the y-axes of the two panels are different as there was generally more GFAP immunoreactivity than IBA-1 throughout our study * represent p < 0.05. **represent p < 0.01. Error bars = Standard Error

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