Fig. 4

Examples of modern indirect and direct detection methods of chromosomal instability in cohorts of IDH-mutant astrocytoma. A, B Copy number profiles and copy number variation (CNV) quantification in otherwise low-grade tumors with chromosomal instability (CIN) versus relatively chromosomally stable tumors (CS), derived from Illumina Infinium DNA methylation 450 k and EPIC (850 k) arrays C mRNA expression profiling (CIN70 panel), D, E methylation profile-based clustering, derived from Illumina Infinium DNA methylation 450 k arrays, and F single nucleus RNA sequencing (InferCNV). Panels A and C are adapted from Richardson, et al. 2018 [96] and Richardson et al. 2021 [97], respectively (https://academic.oup.com/jnen), and Panels D-E are adapted from Liu et al. 2022 [62] (https://actaneurocomms.biomedcentral.com/), and are all used here with permission