Fig. 1

Object recognition deficits in the AD_be-inoculated mice. Object recognition performances were evaluated at 8 mpi in a V-maze. WT mice and APP_swe/PS1_dE9 mice inoculated with Ctrl_be or AD_be had comparable exploratory activity, as suggested by the distance moved throughout the 3-day test (a, for the days: F_{(1.7, 90.5)} = 72.4, p < 0.0001; for the groups: F_{(2, 52)} = 1.2, p = 0.3; two-way repeated measures ANOVA with the Geisser-Greenhouse correction and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons) and the time spent on exploring the objects (b, p > 0.05; Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons). During the novel object recognition evaluation, AD_be-inoculated mice spent less time exploring the novel object, as suggested by a lower discrimination index, compared to WT and APP_swe/PS1_dE9 Ctrl_be-inoculated mice (c, respectively, p = 0.027, and 0.016; Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons). n_Ctrl = 15, n_AD1 = 15 (light pink in b, c), n_AD2 = 20 (dark pink in b, c), n_WT = 12 mice. *p < 0.05; Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m