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Fig. 1 | Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Fig. 1

From: Visual imaging as a predictor of neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune demyelination and multiple sclerosis

Fig. 1

T cell infiltration and myelin/axonal pathology follow similar time courses in spinal cord white matter and optic nerve. (a) Schematic of neural pathways in the spinal cord (SC) white matter (ai), optic nerve (ON) (aii), SC gray matter (aiii), retina (aiv), and ventral posterolateral (VPL) (av), and dorsal lateral geniculate (dLGN) (avi) nuclei of the thalamus. (b) EAE clinical scores. Analyses were performed at 15 (peak disease), 35 (chronic disease), and 60 dpi (sustained chronic disease), indicated by red arrowheads. P values listed consecutively are naïve vs 15, 35, or 60 dpi, respectively. (c-d) Representative images of CD3+ T cells in the SC white matter and ON. Scale bars = 20 µm. (e–f) Quantification of CD3+ T cells (e, SC: ****P < 0.0001, **P = 0.0017, P = 0.0745; f, ON: ****P < 0.0001, **P = 0.0092, P = 0.0502). (g-h) Representative images of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining for myelin basic protein (MBP) in the SC white matter (gray matter of SC within black dotted line, white matter for analysis outside dotted line) and ON. Scale bars = 100 µm. (i-j) Quantification of demyelinated area (i, SC: ****P < 0.0001, ****P < 0.0001, ****P < 0.0001; j, ON: ***P = 0.0003, ***P = 0.0003, ***P = 0.0003). (k-l) Representative electron micrographs (EM) in the SC white matter and ON. Scale bars = 5 µm (SC) and 1 µm (ON). (m-p) Quantification of myelinated (m, SC: *P = 0.0425, ***P = 0.0006; o, ON: *P = 0.0433, ***P = 0.0001) and unmyelinated (n, SC: ***P = 0.0004, **P = 0.0023; p, ON: P = 0.4455, P = 0.3026) axons (see Additional file 1: Figure S1c-d for total axon counts). Statistical differences were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Holm-Šidák post-hoc test. All data are expressed as means ± SEM, n = 6 mice per group, 12–16 fields from 3–4 sections (CD3, MBP) or 5–6 fields (EM) per mouse. Bis = bisbenzimide

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