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Table 3 Factors associated with mental fatigue at 6-month follow-up—negative binomial regression analysis

From: APOE ε4 associates with increased risk of severe COVID-19, cerebral microhaemorrhages and post-COVID mental fatigue: a Finnish biobank, autopsy and clinical study

Factor

Mental Fatiguea in hospitalised RECOVID patients (ICU&WARD)

N = 75

Mental fatigue in all RECOVID subjects

N = 156

n (%)

Univariable models

OR (CI) P

Multivariable model

OR (CI) P

n (%)

Univariable models

OR (CI) P

Multivariable model

OR (CI) P

Female Sex

38 (51%)

1.03 (0.85–1.25) 0.74

0.96 (0.77–1.19) 0.72

87 (56%)

1.15 (1.00–1.32) 0.052

1.06 (0.92–1.24) 0.42

Older ageb

 

1.00 (0.99–1.01) 0.90

1.00 (0.99–1.01) 0.94

 

0.992 (0.987–0.997) 0.0035

0.99 (0.99–1.00) 0.034

COVID-19 severityc

 

Not applicable

 

48 (31%) – grade 0c

1.33 (1.10–1.60) – grade 1

1.21 (0.99–1.47) – grade 1

33 (21%) – grade 1c

1.04 (0.89–1.22) – grade 2

1.02 (0.86–1.21) – grade 2

75 (48%) – grade 2c

0.0053

0.11

COVID-19 positivity

 

Not applicable

 

108 (69%)

1.13 (0.97–1.31) 0.12

By definition included into COVID-19 Severity

APOE4 carriership

27 (36%)

1.23 (1.02–1.49) 0.029

1.25 (1.01–1.55) 0.038

58 (37%)

1.19 (1.03–1.37) 0.015

1.19 (1.03–1.36) 0.015

BMIb

 

1.00 (0.98–1.02) 0.83

1.00 (0.98–1.02) 1.00

 

Not applicable (21 missing data points)

 

Asthma

14 (19%)

1.14 (0.90–1.45) 0.26

1.15 (0.89–1.48) 0.28

16 (10%)

1.03 (0.82–1.29) 0.78

1.06 (0.84–1.34) 0.62

Hypertension

32 (43%)

0.97 (0.80–1.18) 0.75

1.03 (0.81–1.30) 0.83

43 (38%)

0.93 (0.80–1.09) 0.39

1.03 (0.85–1.25) 0.74

Diabetes

16 (21%)

1.01 (0.80–1.28) 0.91

1.07 (0.81–1.42) 0.61

18 (12%)

1.01 (0.81–1.25) 0.95

1.16 (0.91–1.48) 0.24

Chronic Heart Disease

11 (15%)

1.00 (0.76–1.30) 1

0.93 (0.68–1.26) 0.62

15 (10%)

1.05 (0.83–1.33) 0.68

1.10 (0.86–1.41) 0.44

  1. Analysis of associated factors on mental fatigue score was done by negative binomial regression. The analysis was performed separately in the cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the RECOVID study, and the cohort of all subjects genotyped in the RECOVID study. Statistical significance at the level < 0.05 is shown in bold text.
  2. aPossible score from 4 (no fatigue) to 20 (highest possible fatigue score);
  3. bN (%) not applicable to age and BMI which were analysed as continuous variables;
  4. cThree-grade scale: 0 = Non-infected controls, 1 = Home-isolated COVID-19, 2 = Hospital-treated COVID-19