Developmental deficits and staging of dynamics of age associated Alzheimer’s disease neurodegeneration and neuronal loss in subjects with Down syndrome

Table 9 Brain-region and neuron-type specific number and percentage of neurons with NFTs in four DS age groups

Structures/ subdivisions	DS 26-41y			DS 43–49			DS 51–59			DS 61–72
Structures/ subdivisions	Number	Std.dev	%	Number	Std.dev	%	Number	Std.dev	%	Number	Std.dev	%
Entorhinal cortex— all layers	514,085	489,465	5.3	1268,542	831,686	11.7	2,677,856	1,037,522	47.7	2,231,773	579,014	51.4
Entorhinal cortex—islands	146,574	162,300	28.4	256,579	109,260	42.3	179,363	75,840	93.9	156,215	67,649	93.7
CA1	223,781	236,938	3.5	569,738	589,164	10.0	2,194,866	1,311,918	75.3	1,466,271	601,308	73.8
CA2	13,140	17,748	1.0	41,525	22,381	3.0	194,360	83,202	23.4	177,765	100,826	21.4
CA3	15,185	17,566	2.2	25,010	22,499	2.3	177,270	71,494	30.2	182,371	106,649	27.9
CA4	36,758	43,532	3.8	63,735	26,396	6.3	218,396	131,984	38.8	164,995	81,514	32.8
Subiculum	47,304	54,955	1.8	92,647	50,976	3.5	522,375	276,322	29.7	468,360	153,094	30.8
Amygdala	394,698	336,152	5.8	1,114,323	1,402,649	14.2	1,558,170	454,192	30.9	1,628,256	482,296	31.3
Thalamus	57,382	50,262	0.4	1,456,602	1,055,296	10.9	2,069,313	858,102	16.0	1,813,647	664,388	13.5
Substantia nigra	16,719	28,958	2.7	5,246	10,492	1.7	23,633	13,163	7.7	20,880	5,545	7.9
MBC	19,178	33,040	1.8	31,660	24,200	3.0	132,521	68,454	18.9	98,998	81,179	17.5
Caudate nucleus	4,006	8,012	0.01	18,038	36,075	0.1	327,071	241,425	1.3	142,340	123,159	0.6
Purkinje cells	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dentate nucleus	0	0	0	1,323	1,603	0.2	2,588	1,432	0.5	3,363	1,670	0.7
Total number; mean %	1,488,810		4.1	4,944,968		8.4	10,277,782		31.9	8,555,234		31.0

ISSN: 2051-5960