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Table 8 Estimated AD-associated neuronal loss in 61–72-y-old DS subjects (loss per day and per million neurons/day)

From: Developmental deficits and staging of dynamics of age associated Alzheimer’s disease neurodegeneration and neuronal loss in subjects with Down syndrome

Structures/ subdivisions

Number of neurons in 51- to 59-y-old DS subjects, N = 17, Mean (SD)

Number of neurons in 61-to 72-y-old DS subjects, N = 8 Mean (SD)

Neurons lost. Difference between 51-to 59 and 61- to 72-y-old DS subject

Number of neurons in DS reference group 26-to 41-y-old (100%) DS subjects

Neurons lost (%) in 61–72-y-old DS subjects. Reference group (100%) 26-to 41-y-old

P < 

Number of neurons lost/day

Number of neurons lost/ million/day

Entorhinal c. -all layers

5,702,533 (2,101,830)

4,666,150 (1,533,640)

1,036,383

9,779,100

10.6

ns

282.9

49.6

Entorhinal c. -islands

192,314 (84,474)

165,633 (68,200)

26,681

600,288

4.4

ns

7.3

37.9

CA1

2,986,260 (1,727,048)

2,215,244 (1,185,499)

771,016

7,584,266

10.2

ns

210.5

70.5

CA2

919,574 (287,449)

889,200 (203,703)

30,374

1,375,511

2.2

ns

8.3

9.0

CA3

655,428 (255,405)

720,055 (201,407)

0

1,062,288

    

CA4

658,923 (467,298)

541,710 (202,098)

117,213

1,105,866

10.6

ns

32.0

48.6

Subiculum

1,760,757 (562,251)

1,524,200 (385,960)

236,557

3,049,650

7.8

ns

64.6

36.7

Amygdala

5,203,993 (1,311,409)

5,340,980 (1,023,388)

0

6,978,730

    

Thalamus

12,891,781 (2,374,425)

9,635,097 (2,965,348)

3,256,684

14,774,176

22.0

0.02*

889.1

69.0

Substantia nigra

309,905 (65,494)

265,558 (44,657)

44,347

550,053

8.1

ns

12.1

39.1

MBC

783,233 (205,770)

560,206 (200,686)

223,027

981,577

22.7

0.04*

60.9

77.7

Caudate n

27,913,089 (10,600,000)

28,785,213 (5,986,303)

0

41,434,112

    

Purkinje cells

11,715,680 (2,207,151)

9,790,558 (4,117,606)

1,925,122

14,247,128

13.5

ns

525.6

44.9

Dentate n

520,173 (96,537)

473,472 (100,863)

46,701

510,829

9.1

ns

12.7

24.5

   

Total loss: 7,714,105 neurons

 

Mean loss: 11.0%

 

Mean loss: 191.5/d Total loss: 2,106.0 /d

Mean loss: 46.1/ million/d

  1. *Calculated using the 10.04-year (3,663-day) difference in mean age between the groups as the denominator. AD-associated neuronal loss (%) calculated in all age groups in reference to baseline number of neurons in DS subjects 26–41 years of age with developmental deficit but no or minimal pre-AD pathology
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Acta Neuropathologica Communications

ISSN: 2051-5960

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