Table 6 Estimated AD-associated neuronal loss in 43–49-yr-old DS subjects (loss per day and per million neurons/day)
Structures/ subdivisions | Number of neurons in 26- to 41-y-old DS subjects N = 4, Mean and (SD) | Number of neurons in 43- to 49-y-old DS subjects N = 4, Mean and (SD) | Neurons lost (vs. 26-to 41-y- old DS subjects) | Neurons lost (%) | P < | Number of neurons lost/day | Number of neurons lost/million/day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entorhinal cortex—all layers | 9,779,100 (255,051) | 10,470,333 (1,003,992) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | ||
Entorhinal cortex—islands | 600,288 (100,952) | 609,481 (68,719) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | ||
CA1 | 7,584,266 (1,745,386) | 5,271,466 (699,001) | 2,312,800 | 30.5 | ns | 487.4 | 64.3 |
CA2 | 1,375,511 (435,724) | 1,363,407 (350,731) | 12,104 | 0.9 | ns | 2.6 | 1.9 |
CA3 | 1,062,288 (467,225) | 969,837 (225,781) | 92,451 | 8.7 | ns | 19.5 | 18.3 |
CA4 | 1,105,866 (159,035) | 950,304 (255,206) | 155,562 | 14.0 | ns | 32.8 | 29.6 |
Subiculum | 3,049,650 (492,839) | 2,575,933 (293,733) | 473,717 | 15.5 | ns | 99.8 | 32.7 |
Amygdala | 6,978,730 (724,797) | 7,150,380 (940,312) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Thalamus | 14,774,176 (837,618) | 13,488,304 (1,821,914) | 1,285,871 | 8.7 | ns | 271.0 | 18.3 |
Substantia nigra | 550,053 (107,611) | 396,519 (76,289) | 135,534 | 27.9 | ns | 32.4 | 58.8 |
MBC | 981,577 (124,910) | 994,389 (104,089) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Caudate nucleus | 41,434,112 (4,788,237) | 29,151,928 (7,214,428) | 12,282,183 | 29.6 | 0.03* | 2,588.4 | 62.5 |
Purkinje cells | 14,247,128 (2,946,322) | 10,569,930 (720,445) | 3,677,198 | 25.8 | ns | 775.0 | 54.4 |
Dentate n | 510,829 (26,959) | 463,150 (138,022) | 47,679 | 9.3 | ns | 10.0 | 19.7 |
Total loss: 20,475,099 neurons | Mean loss: 11.9% | Mean loss 308.4/d Total loss 4,318.9/d | Mean loss 25.7/million/day |